Everything about Thomas Fitzalan 12th Earl Of Arundel totally explained
Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel KG (
October 13,
1381 –
October 13,
1415) was an English nobleman, one of the principals of the deposition of
Richard II, and a major figure during the reign of
Henry IV.
Lineage
He was the only surviving son of
Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and his first wife,
Elizabeth de Bohun. When he was 16 his father was executed and his lands and titles forfeited. Thomas was given as ward to the King's half-brother
John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, along with a large part of the
Arundel estates. Holland greatly mistreated him, a matter Thomas was to cruelly repay many years later.
Escape & Exile
Eventually Thomas escaped from his guardian and joined his uncle
Thomas Arundel, the deposed
Archbishop of Canterbury, in exile. The two eventually joined with another exile, the King's cousin
Henry Bolingbroke.
The Return of Bolingbroke & Restoration
Thomas followed Henry in his return to England in July 1399, and in the following events which led to the deposition of King Richard and Henry's crowning as
King Henry IV. He was butler at the coronation, and shortly afterwards the new King restored him to his titles and estates. These included two notable Earldoms; those of
Earl of Arundel and
Earl of Surrey, and large estates in the
Welsh Marches.
The Epihany Rising
Early the next year a group of Barons who had been close to the deposed
King Richard II revolted - known as the
Epiphany Rising - amongst them Thomas' former guardian John Holland. The latter was captured by followers of Thomas's aunt Joan, Countess of
Hereford, and at Thomas' behest was soon executed (some claim he was tortured first).
The Rebellion of Owain Glyndwr in Wales
The next few years Thomas was much occupied by events in the Welsh marches, where he'd to help deal with the revolt of
Owain Glyndŵr which ran in full from 1400 to maybe 1412 but gained a great deal of early momentum until 1405. After the
Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 he was appointed to defend the Marches from further attacks along its full length and then focused on defeating Glyndwr in the northern March adjacent to North Wales.
Revolt in the North
In 1405 there was a revolt in the north of England, led by the
Archbishop of York,
Richard le Scrope, and the 2nd
Duke of Norfolk,
John Mowbray. Thomas was the head of the Commission which condemned the pair to death. This apparently led to a falling out between Thomas and his uncle, Archbishop Thomas Arundel, who objected to the execution of a fellow prelate.
Portuguese Alliance & Marriages
King Henry's sister,
Philippa of Lancaster, had married King
John I of Portugal, and to further cement the alliance between England and Portugal, Thomas married
Beatrice, the illegitimate daughter of King John. The wedding took place in
London on
November 26,
1405, with
King Henry IV in attendance.
Further Welsh Conflict
In the following years Thomas again had to help suppress revolts in
Wales and the
Welsh Marches.
Alliance With Burgundy
Politically Thomas allied himself with the King's half-brothers the Beauforts, and when
Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter was appointed Chancellor in
1410, Arundel became one of the King's principal councillors. Beaufort favored an alliance with
Burgundy, and Arundel was one of the leaders of those sent to help fight the rival
Armagnac faction in France. Sometime in this period Arundel was made a
Knight of the Garter.
King Henry IV Dies
In
1412 the Beauforts lost power, and Arundel retired to his estates until the next year, when
King Henry IV died. Of course his son,
King Henry V restored Arundel to a place of influence, immediately appointing him Lord Treasurer, as well as constable of
Dover Castle and
Warden of the Cinque Ports.
French Focus
Arundel was one of the initial commanders of Henry V's
1415 French campaign, but at the
siege of Harfleur he, along with many others, fell ill and had to return to England.
Death
He never recovered, and died not long afterwards.
Succession
Arundel left no children. The castle and lordship of Arundel was inherited by his cousin
John Fitzalan, 13th Earl of Arundel. The Earldom of Surrey fell into
abeyance (or went extinct; authorities differ on this matter). The rest of his property was split amongst his three surviving sisters.
Note: Some sources don't include the first seven earls in their list of Earls of Arundel (see Earl of Arundel). In such sources this Earl is the fifth.Further Information
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